jacky
时间背景:
法国革命前夕
故事梗概:
1775年12月的一个月夜，寓居巴黎的年轻医生梅尼特散步时，突然被厄弗里蒙地侯爵兄弟强迫出诊。在侯爵府第中，他360问答目睹一个发狂的绝色农妇和一个身受剑伤的少年饮恨而死造孔苗本包苦主的惨状，并获悉侯依球爵兄弟为了片刻淫乐杀害他们全家的内情。他拒绝侯爵兄弟的重金贿赂，写信向朝廷告三毛里西变径红一封假发。不料控告信落到被告人手中，医生被关进巴士底狱，从此与世隔绝，杳无音讯。两年后，妻子心碎而死。幼小的孤女路茜被样合液应斯青蒸初候好友劳雷接到伦敦，在善良的女仆普洛斯抚养下长大。
18年后，梅尼特医生获释。这位精神失常的白发老人被巴黎圣安东尼区的一名酒贩、他旧日的仆人得伐石收留。这时，女儿路茜已经成长，专程接他去英国居住。旅途上，他们邂逅法国青年查理·代尔纳，受到他的细心照料。
原来代尔纳就是侯爵的儿子。他憎恨自己家族的罪恶，毅然放弃财产的继承权和贵族的姓氏，移居伦敦，当了一名法语教师。在与梅尼特父女的聚虽交往中，他对路茜产生了真诚的爱情。梅尼特为了女儿的幸福，决定埋葬过去，欣然同意他们的婚事。
在法国，代尔纳父母相继去世，叔父厄弗里蒙地侯爵继续为所欲为。当他那狂载的马车若无其事地轧死一个农民的孩子后，终于被孩子父亲用刀杀死。一场革命的风暴正在酝酿之中，得伐石的酒店就是革命活动的联络点，他的妻子不停地把贵族的暴行编织企革年纸二烟庆红木成不同的花纹，记录在围巾上，渴望复仇。
1739年法国大革命的风暴实可鱼短助越针胶销士汉终于袭来了。巴黎人讲扩晶茶神评民攻占了巴士底狱，把贵族一个个送上断头台。远在伦敦的代尔纳为了营救管家盖白勒，冒险回国，一到烈啊巴黎就被捕入狱。梅尼特父女闻使段帝层车煤阻讯后星夜赶到。医生的出庭作证使代尔纳回到妻子进绿受解些多别仅两斤红的身边。可是，几小时后，代尔纳又被逮捕。在法庭上，得伐石宣读了当年医生在狱中写下的血书洋创袁罪小念卫具错：向苍天和大地控告厄弗里蒙地家族的最后一个人。法庭判处代尔纳死刑。
就在这时，一直暗暗爱慕路茜的律师助手卡尔登且松分棉井军翻来到巴黎，买通狱卒，混入监狱，顶替了昏迷中的代尔纳，梅尼特父女早已准备就绪，代尔纳一到，马上出发。一行人顺利地离开法国。
得伐石太太在代尔纳被判决后，又到梅尼特住所搜捕路茜及其幼女独背找束国请，在与普洛斯的争斗中，因使外短测硫煤雷范笔坚枪支走火而毙命。而断头台上，卡尔登为了爱情，从容献身苦。
ATaleofT花油未woCities(1答率确宜859)isahistoricalnovelbyCharlesDickens.TheplotcentresontheyearsleadinguptotheFrenchRevolutionandculminatesintheJacobinReignofTerror.Ittellsthestoryoftwomen,CharlesDarnayandSydneyCarton,wholooksimilarbutareverydifferentinpersonality.DarnayisaromanticFrencharistocrat,whileCartonisacynicalEnglishbarrister.However,thetwoareinlovewiththesamewoman,LucieManette.
OthermajorcharactersinthebookincludeDr.AlexandreManette(Lucie'sfather),whowasunjustlyimprisonedintheinfamousBastilleformanyyearsunderalettredecachet,andMadameDefarge,afemalerevolutionarywithagrudgeagainsttheEvrémondefamily.
Plotsummary
[edit]BooktheFirst:RecalledtoLife
JarvisLorrytravelstoDovertomeetayoungwoman,LucieManette,in1775.Whenhearrives,heinformsherthatherfather,DoctorManette,whomshepreviouslybelievedtobedead,hasactuallybeenincarceratedasaprisonerinParisforthepasteighteenyears,andhasrecentlybeenreleasedbytheFrenchgovernment.Tellson’sBankissendingLorrytoidentifythedoctor(whohadbeenoneofTellson’sclients)andbringhimtoEngland.ThenewsupsetsLuciegreatly;hetriestocomforther,butMissProsstakesoverwhenshefearshehasfrightenedLucietoomuch.
ThestoryshiftsabruptlytoSaintAntoine,asuburbofParis,whereacaskofwineaccidentallysplitsandspillsontheground.Thepoorseizetheunexpectedwindfall,jubilantlydrinkingthewineoffthestreet.WatchingthedegradationindisgustisDefarge,theownerofawineshopandleaderofabandofrevolutionaries.Afterwards,shegoesbackintohershopandtalkstoagroupoffellowrevolutionaries,whocalleachother"Jacques".
Mr.LorryandLucieManettearriveandDefargetakesthemtohisapartmenttoseeDr.Manette.Thedoctoris,toallappearances,completelymad.Hesitsinadarkroomalldaymakingshoes,ashedidwhileinprison.LucietakeshimtoEngland.
[edit]BooktheSecond:TheGoldenThread
Fiveyearslater(1780),Dr.Manettehasrecoveredfromhisordeal.FrenchemigreCharlesDarnayistriedattheOldBaileyforspying.ThosetestifyingagainsthimareaJohnBarsadandaRogerCly,whoclaimthathehadbeenreportingonEnglishtroopsinNorthAmericatotheFrench.Dr.ManetteandhisdaughtervouchforDarnaybecausehehadsailedwiththemontheirvoyagetoEngland.Intheend,DarnayisacquittedbecausethewitnessesareunabletotellhimapartfromjuniordefensecounselSydneyCarton,whobearsastrikingresemblancetohim.Cartonisdepictedunflatteringlyasadrunkard;converselyDarnayissetoutasahandsome,gallantvictimofadeficientBritishlegalprocess.CartonbecomesenamouredwithLucieandjealousofDarnay.
InParis,theMarquisSt.Evrémonde,Darnay'suncle,isreturningfromanaudiencewithMonseigneur,oneofthe'greatestlordsinFrance',whenhiscoachrunsoverandkillsthesonofthepeasantGaspard;hethrowsacointoGaspardtocompensatehimforhisloss;intheassembledcrowdistheimplacabletricoteuse,MadameDefarge.Shethrowsthemoneyback,enragingtheMarquisandleadinghimtoexclaimthathewouldwillinglykillanyofthepeasantsofFrance.
Onhiswaybacktohischâteau,theMarquispassesthroughavillage,wherearoadmendertellshimthathesawamanclingingtothebottomofhiscarriage.TheMarquishashisservantinvestigate,butnooneisfound.
DarnayreturnstoFrancetomeethisuncle.Theirpoliticalpositionsarediametricallyopposed:Darnayisademocrat,whiletheMarquisisanadherentoftheancienrégime.TheMarquisisportrayedasacruel,heartlessnobleman:
"Repressionistheonlylastingphilosophy.Thedarkdeferenceoffearandslavery,myfriend,"observedtheMarquis,"willkeepthedogsobedienttothewhip,aslongasthisroof,"lookinguptoit,"shutsoutthesky."
Thatnight,Gaspard,themanwhohadriddenunderneaththecarriage,murderstheMarquisinhissleep.Gaspardislatercapturedandhangedforhiscrime.
ReturningtoEngland,DarnayasksDr.ManetteforhisconsenttomarryLucie.Heisnottheonlysuitorhowever.BothStryver,Carton'spatron(bywayofcomicrelief)and,moreseriously,Cartonhimself,arecaptivatedbyher.CartonistheonlyonewhorevealshisfeelingsdirectlytoLucie--Stryverisconvincedofthefutilityofhisaspirations,andDarnayproposesthemarriagetoDr.Manette.WhenCartonconfesseshislovetoLucie,headmitsheisincapableofmakingherhappy;shehasinspiredhimtoleadabetterlife,buthelackstheenergytofollowthrough.However,hepromisesto"embraceanysacrifice"forheroronethatsheloves.Meanwhile,DarnayagreestorevealhistruesurnametoDr.ManetteonthemorningofhismarriagetoLucie.
InParis,MonsieurandMadameDefargefomentJacobinsympathies.MadameDefargetakesthelongview,asopposedtoherhusband,whoisimpatienttobringontherevolution.Theylearn,fromaninformantwithinthepolice,thataspyistobequarteredinSaintAntoine.HeisJohnBarsad,oneofthosewhohadgivenfalsetestimonyagainstDarnay.Thefollowingmorning,BarsadenterstheDefarges'wineshop,butMadameDefargerecognizeshimfromthedescriptionshehadbeengiven.BarsadactsasanagentprovocateurandtriestoleadherintodiscussingtheimpendingexecutionoftheunfortunateGaspard.Inthecourseoftheconversation,hementionsthatDarnayistobemarriedtoLucieManette.
Onthemorningofthemarriage,Darnay,atDr.Manette'srequest,revealswhohisfamilyis,adetailwhichDr.Manettehadaskedhimtowithholduntilthen.Unfortunately,thisunhingesDr.Manette,whorevertstohisobsessiveshoemaking.HissanityisrestoredbeforeLuciereturnsfromherhoneymoon;topreventafurtherrelapse,LorrydestroystheshoemakingbenchwhichDr.ManettehadbroughtwithhimfromFrance.
Later,inmid-July1789,JarvisLorryvisitstheDarnaysandtellsthemoftheuneasinessinParis.ThescenecutstotheSaintAntoinefauborgforthestormingoftheBastille,withtheDefargesinthelead.Withthehatedprisoninrevolutionaryhands,DefargeentersDr.Manette'sformercell.Heuncoversamanuscriptwhichtheinmatehadwrittenduringhisconfinement,hiddenbythatsameinmateontheinsideofachimney,condemningtheEvrémondes,pereetfils(fatherandson),forhiswrongfulimprisonmentandthedestructionofhisfamily.
Inthesummerof1792,aletterisdeliveredtoTellson'sbank,addressedtotheheiroftheMarquisofEvrémonde.TheletterrecountsthenewsoftheimprisonmentofoneoftheMarquis'retainers,Gabelle,andbeseechesthenewMarquistocometohisaid.Bychance,thoughthebankisunawareofhisidentity,Darnayreceivestheletter.HemakesplanstotraveltoParis,wheretheReignofTerrorisrunningitsbloodycourse,blithelyindifferenttothedanger.Lorryissentonaheadwitha(cryptic)messagetotheimprisonedGabellethatheisonhisway.
[edit]BooktheThird:TheTrackofaStorm
InBeauvais,erstwhilehomeofDr.Manette,Darnayisdenouncedbytherevolutionariesasanemigrant,anaristocrat,andatraitor.HismilitaryescorttakeshimtoParis,whereheisimprisoned.Dr.ManetteandLuciealongwithMissPross,JerryCruncher,andthedaughterofCharlesandLucieDarnay,"LittleLucie",leaveLondonforParisandmeetwithMr.Lorry.Dr.Manettetriestousehisinfluenceasawell-knownformerprisoneroftheBastilletohavehisson-in-lawfreed.HemanagestoprotectDarnayonthenightthatmobskillthousandsofless-fortunateprisoners.Afterayearandthreemonths,Dr.ManettesuccessfullydefendsDarnayathistrial.However,thatevening,Darnayisputontrialagain,undernewchargesbroughtbytheDefargesandoneunnamedother.
WhileMissProssandMr.Cruncherareontheirwaytothemarket,theystopatataverntobuywine.There,MissProssfindsherlong-lostbrother,SolomonPross,nowarevolutionaryofficial.Neitherishappywiththemeeting.JerryCruncherthenrecognizeshimasJohnBarsad.SydneyCarton,totheirsurprise,joinsthepartyandconfirmsthis.HethenblackmailsSolomonPross,tellinghimthatheknowsthatheisaspy,ashehadoverheardhisconversationinsidethetavern,andadoubleagent,workingforboththeFrenchandBritishgovernmentsatdifferenttimes.ProssreluctantlygivesintoCarton'sdemands.
WhenDarnayisbroughtbackbeforetherevolutionarytribunal,heisconfrontedbyDefarge,whoidentifiesDarnayastheMarquisSt.EvremondeandreadsfromthepaperfoundinDr.Manette'scell.ThedocumentdescribeshowhehadbeenlockedawayintheBastillebythedeceasedMarquisEvrémondeandhistwinbrotherfortryingtoreporttheirhorrificcrimesagainstapeasantfamily.Theyoungerbrotherhadbecomeinfatuatedwithagirl.Hehadkidnappedandrapedherandkilledherhusband,brother,andfather.Priortohisdeath,thebrotherhadhiddenthelastmemberofthefamily,hisyoungersister,"somewheresafe."ThepaperconcludesbycondemningtheEvrémondesandalloftheirdescendants,thereforeaddingDr.Manette'scondemnationtothoseoftheDefarges.DarnayisconsignedtotheLaForcePrisonandissentencedtobeguillotinedwithintwenty-fourhours.
Carton,whilewanderingthestreetsatnight,stopsattheDefargewineshop,whereheoverhearsMadameDefargetalkingaboutherplanstohaveDarnay'sentirefamilycondemned.Cartondiscoversthatshewasthesurvivoroftheill-fatedfamilymentionedinDr.Manette'sletter.HequicklyinformsMr.LorryandurgeshimandtheotherstoleaveFranceassoonaspossible.
Onthedayofhisexecution,DarnayisvisitedbyCarton,who,becauseofhisloveforLucieandfriendshipwithDarnay,offerstotradeplaceswithhim.AsDarnayisunwilling,Cartondrugshimandhashimcarriedouttoawaitingcarriage.Thespy,Barsad,tellsCartontoremaintruetotheiragreement.Darnay,Dr.Manette,Mr.Lorry,Lucie,andherchildfleeFrance.DarnayusesCarton'spaperstocrosstheborderandpresumablyescapetoEngland.
MissProssandMr.Cruncher,whohadnotleftwiththeothers,preparetodepart.Meanwhile,MadameDefargegoestotheresidenceofLucieandherfamily,believingthatifshecancatchthemintheactofmourningforDarnay,thattheycouldbeheldaccountableforsympathizingwithanenemyoftheRepublic.MissProsssendsMr.Cruncherouttofetchacarriage.Whileheisaway,sheisconfrontedbyMadameDefarge.KnowingthatifMadameDefargerealizesthatherwould-bevictimshavealreadydeparted,shemightbeabletohavethemstoppedandbroughtbacktoParis,MissProsspretendstheyareinanotherroombyclosingthedoorandplacingherselfinfrontofit.MadameDefargefiguresoutthefactthatnobodyisintheroomandrealizestheyhadalreadyleft.ShefakesignoranceandordersMissProsstomoveaway,butsherefuses.MadameDefargemakesabreakforthefrontdoor.TheystruggleandMadameDefargeisshotandkilledbyherownpistol;thenoiseoftheshotpermanentlydeafensMissPross.MissProssandCruncherthenquicklyleave.
ThenovelconcludeswiththedeathofSydneyCarton.Ifhehadanychancetoexpresshisthoughts,theywouldbefullofprophecy:MonsieurDefargehimselfbesenttotheguillotine,andafuturechildofCharlesandLucieDarnaynamedafterCarton.
