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EuthanasiaPr镇井了浓春单洋烧字最系osandConsEuthanasia:Theintentionalkillingbyactoromissionofadependenthumanbeingforhisorherallegedbenefit.(Ifd日货厚立开天时心演组eathisnotintended,itisnotanactofeuthanasia)ArgumentsForEuthanasia:ItprovidesawaytorelieveextremepainItpro命普入营叫台称么轮点videsawayofreliefwhenaperson'squalityoflifeislowFreesupmedicalfund360问答stohelpotherpeopleItisanothercaseoffreedomofchoiceArgumentsAgainstEuthanasia:EuthanasiadevalueshumanlifeEuthanasiacanb矛越ecomeamean该身农你计门sofhealthcarecostcontainmentPhysiciansandothermedicalcarepeopleshouldnotbeinvolvedindirectlycausingdeathThereisa"slipperyslope"effectthathas斯振站弱法穿水必的occurredwhereeuthanasiahasbeenfirstbeenlegalizedforonly
theterminallyillandlaterlawsarecha呀审获诉油者ngedtoallowitforotherpeopleortobedonenon-voluntarily.ArgumentsAgainstEut则给杆hanasiaEuthanasiawouldnotonlybeforpeoplewhoare"terminallyill"
Eut单烟略免区当hanasiacanbecom措宗eameansofhealthcarecostcontainment
Euthanasiawillbecomenon-voluntary
Euthanasiaisarejectionoftheimp黄真放或益土迫远创ortanceandvalueofhumanlife
1.城消始优技跑刻走合Euthanasiawouldnotonlybeforpeoplewhoare"terminallyill."Therearetwoproblemshere--thedefinitionof"林景山措策terminal"andthechangesthathavealreadytakenplacetoextendeuthanasia看稳此医路布客车tothosewhoaren't"terminallyill."Therearemanydefinitionsfortheword"terminal."Forexample,whenhespoketotheNationa再lPressClubi角n1992,JackKevorkiansaidthataterminalillnesswas"anydiseasethatc结土又经urtailslifeevenforaday."Theco-founderoftheHemlockSocietyoftenrefersto"terminaloldage."Somelawsdefine"terminal"conditionasonefromwhichdeathwilloccurina"relativelyshorttime."Othersstatethat"terminal"meansthatdeathisexpectedwithinsixmonthsorless.Evenwhereaspecificlifeexpectancy(likesixmonths)isreferredto,medicalexpertsacknowledgethatitisvirtuallyimpossibletopredictthelifeexpectancyofaparticularpatient.Somepeoplediagnosedasterminallyilldon'tdieforyears,ifatall,fromthediagnosedcondition.Increasingly,however,euthanasiaactivistshavedroppedreferencestoterminalillness,replacingthemwithsuchphrasesas"hopelesslyill,""desperatelyill,""incurablyill,""hopelesscondition,"and"meaninglesslife."Anarticleinthejournal,SuicideandLife-ThreateningBehavior,describedassistedsuicideguidelinesforthosewithahopelesscondition."Hopelesscondition"wasdefinedtoincludeterminalillness,severephysicalorpsychologicalpain,physicalormentaldebilitationordeterioration,oraqualityoflifethatisnolongeracceptabletotheindividual.Thatmeansjustaboutanybodywhohasasuicidalimpulse.2.Euthanasiacanbecomeameansofhealthcarecostcontainment"...physician-assistedsuicide,ifitbecamewidespread,couldbecomeaprofit-enhancingtoolforbigHMOs.""...drugsusedinassistedsuicidecostonlyabout$40,butthatitcouldtake$40,000totreatapatientproperlysothattheydon'twantthe"choice"ofassistedsuicide..."...WesleyJ.Smith,seniorfellowattheDiscoveryInstitute.Perhapsoneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinrecentyearsistheincreasingemphasisplacedonhealthcareproviderstocontaincosts.Insuchaclimate,euthanasiacertainlycouldbecomeameansofcostcontainment.IntheUnitedStates,thousandsofpeoplehavenomedicalinsurance;studieshaveshownthatthepoorandminoritiesgenerallyarenotgivenaccesstoavailablepaincontrol,andmanaged-carefacilitiesareofferingphysicianscashbonusesiftheydon'tprovidecareforpatients.Withgreaterandgreateremphasisbeingplacedonmanagedcare,manydoctorsareatfinancialriskwhentheyprovidetreatmentfortheirpatients.Legalizedeuthanasiaraisesthepotentialforaprofoundlydangeroussituationinwhichdoctorscouldfindthemselvesfarbetterofffinanciallyifaseriouslyillordisabledperson"chooses"todieratherthanreceivelong-termcare.Savingstothegovernmentmayalsobecomeaconsideration.Thiscouldtakeplaceifgovernmentscutbackonpayingfortreatmentandcareandreplacethemwiththe"treatment"ofdeath.Forexample,immediatelyafterthepassageofMeasure16,Oregon'slawpermittingassistedsuicide,JeanThorne,thestate'sMedicaidDirector,announcedthatphysician-assistedsuicidewouldbepaidforas"comfortcare"undertheOregonHealthPlanwhichprovidesmedicalcoverageforabout345,000poorOregonians.WithineighteenmonthsofMeasure16'spassage,theStateofOregonannouncedplanstocutbackonhealthcarecoverageforpoorstateresidents.InCanada,hospitalstaysarebeingshortenedwhile,atthesametime,fundshavenotbeenmadeavailableforhomecareforthesickandelderly.Registerednursesarebeingreplacedwithlessexpensivepracticalnurses.Patientsareforcedtoendurelongwaitsformanytypesofneededsurgery.13.Euthanasiawillonlybevoluntary,theysayEmotionalandpsychologicalpressurescouldbecomeoverpoweringfordepressedordependentpeople.Ifthechoiceofeuthanasiaisconsideredasgoodasadecisiontoreceivecare,manypeoplewillfeelguiltyfornotchoosingdeath.Financialconsiderations,addedtotheconcernabout"beingaburden,"couldserveaspowerfulforcesthatwouldleadapersonto"choose"euthanasiaorassistedsuicide.Peopleforeuthanasiasaythatvoluntaryeuthanasiawillnotleadtoinvoluntaryeuthanasia.Theylookatthingsassimplyblackandwhite.Inreallifetherewouldbemillionsofsituationseachyearwherecaseswouldnotfallclearlyintoeithercategory.Herearetwo:Example1:anelderlypersoninanursinghome,whocanbarelyunderstandabreakfastmenu,isaskedtosignaformconsentingtobekilled.Isthisvoluntaryorinvoluntary?Willtheybeprotectedbythelaw?How?Rightnowtheoverallprohibitiononkillingstandsintheway.Onceonesignaturecansignawayaperson'slife,whatcanbeasstrongaprotectionasthecurrentabsoluteprohibitionondirectkilling?Answer:nothing.Example2:awomanissufferingfromdepresssionandaskstobehelpedtocommitsuicide.Onedoctorsetsupapracticeto"help"suchpeople.Sheandanyonewhowantstodieknowshewillapproveanysuchrequest.Hedoesthousandsayearfor$200each.Howdoesthelawprotectpeoplefromhim?Doesitspecifythatadoctorcanonlyapprove50requestsayear?100?150?Ifyoudon'tthinktherearesuchdoctors,justlookatrecentstoriesofdoctorsandnurseswhoarechargedwithmurderforkillingdozensorhundredsofpatients.Legalizedeuthanasiawouldmostlikelyprogresstothestagewherepeople,atacertainpoint,wouldbeexpectedtovolunteertobekilled.Thinkaboutthis:Whatifyourveternariansaidthatyourilldogwouldbebetterof"putoutofhermisery"bybeing"puttosleep"andyourefusedtoconsent.Whatwouldthevetandhisassistantsthink?Whatwouldyourfriendsthink?Tenyearsfromnow,ifadoctortoldyouyourmother's"qualityoflife"wasnotworthlivingforandaskedyou,astheclosestfamilymember,toapprovea"quick,painlessendingofherlife"andyourefusedhowwoulddoctors,nursesandothers,conditionedtoaccepteuthanasiaasnormalandright,treatyouandyourmother.Or,whatiftheapprovalwassoughtfromyourmother,whowasdepressedbyherillness?Wouldshehavethestrengthtorefusewhateveryoneinthenursinghome"expected"fromseriouslyillelderlypeople?Themovementfromvoluntarytoinvoluntaryeuthanasiawouldbelikethemovementofabortionfrom"onlyforthelifeorhealthofthemother"aswasproclaimedbyadvocates30yearsagototoday's"abortionondemandevenifthebabyishalfborn".Euthanasiapeoplestatethatabortionissomethingpeoplechoose-itisnotforcedonthemandthatvoluntaryeuthanasiawillnotbeforcedonthemeither.Theyaremissingthemainpoint-itisnotanissueofforce-itisanissueofthewaylawsagainstanactioncanbebroadenedandexpandedoncesomethingisdeclaredlegal.Youdon'tneedtobeagainstabortiontoappreciatethewaythelawsonabortionhavechangedandtoseehowitcouldwellhappenthesamewaywitheuthanasia/assistedsuicideassoonasthedoorisopenedtomakeitlegal.4.Euthanasiaisarejectionoftheimportanceandvalueofhumanlife.Peoplewhosupporteuthanasiaoftensaythatitisalreadyconsideredpermissabletotakehumanlifeundersomecircumstancessuchasselfdefense-buttheymissthepointthatwhenonekillsforselfdefensetheyaresavinginnocentlife-eithertheirownorsomeoneelse's.Witheuthanasianoone'slifeisbeingsaved-lifeisonlytaken.Historyhastaughtusthedangersofeuthanasiaandthatiswhythereareonlytwocountriesintheworldtodaywhereitislegal.Thatiswhyalmostallsocieties-evennon-religiousones-forthousandsofyearshavemadeeuthanasiaacrime.Itisremarkablethateuthanasiaadvocatestodaythinktheyknowbetterthanthebillionsofpeoplethroughouthistorywhohaveoutlawedeuthanasia-whatmakesthe50yearoldeuthanasiasupportersin2005sowisethattheythinktheycandiscardtheaccumulatedwisdomofalmostallsocietiesofalltimeandopenthedoortothekillingofinnocentpeople?Havethingschanged?Iftheyhave,theyarechangesthatshouldlogicallyreducethecallforeuthanasia-paincontrolmedicinesandprocedurearefarbetterthantheyhaveeverbeenanytimeinhistory.
